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December 28, 2014

Labor Markets in 2014

It is difficult to overstate how good a year Indiana's labor markets have seen. Last December I forecasted the state to see 57,000 new jobs through 2014 with a drop of the unemployment rate to the low-to-mid sixes. This would've been good news, but the reality was better.

Nearly all labor force data in Indiana has seen improvements. Seasonally adjusted jobs were right on forecast with 54,000 created thus far this year. However, I forecasted the raw numbers because the seasonal adjustment factors were changed in January. Here Indiana has seen 71,500 new jobs so far this year with December's typically strong numbers still ahead of us.

Indiana has also had labor force growth of more than 74,000 workers this year. This is important because it signals a change in the underlying confidence in hiring. Over the long run, adding more workers and people will be critical for Indiana's prosperity, and this year was a belle weather indicator.

The growth in employment and labor force keeps our unemployment rate from dropping as quickly as in other states. This is a classic example of the inability of the unemployment rate to tell us a clear story about the state of the economy. Importantly, Indiana now has more payroll employees than at any previous time in its history.

Other indicators are strong as well. Initial claims for unemployment insurance have dropped to mid-1990s levels in the state. Given the larger workforce, this means that we are in a period of more stable job growth. Reinforcing this is the big drop in something called ‘mass layoffs’ data, which are factory downsizings of more than 50 workers and are specially reported to the Department of Labor. Also, weekly hours worked have stabilized at more than 41 hours, which is high enough to suggest some tightening of labor markets.

The only unhappy news is that wages have remained effectively unchanged for a year in Indiana. This is part of a national issue that is likely more due to the polarization of labor markets between higher and lower earning groups, than the experience of individual workers.

Understanding why this is happening is not as easy as repeating the statistics. Beginning in 2005 Indiana made huge improvements in its fiscal conditions. Lower taxes, lower spending and a general improvement in the business climate clearly helped make the state a better target for business expansion. This occurred at a propitious moment, since the Great Recession disrupted much business investment planning. The result was that accumulated new investment found Indiana to be a better place for commerce. This is why, in part, Indiana now has manufacturing employment that is above where it should be if we’d followed the pre-recession trend.

I believe that educational reforms have also helped. We have better schools and do a better job of preparing all students than even a decade ago. This will likely have long-term implications in attracting more households and improving the earnings of new graduates. All in all, 2014 was a great year for Hoosier workers.

Link to this commentary: https://commentaries.cberdata.org/766/labor-markets-in-2014

Tags: business, indiana, jobs and employment


About the Author

Michael Hicks cberdirector@bsu.edu

Michael J. Hicks, PhD, is the director of the Center for Business and Economic Research and the George and Frances Ball distinguished professor of economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University. Hicks earned doctoral and master’s degrees in economics from the University of Tennessee and a bachelor’s degree in economics from Virginia Military Institute. He has authored two books and more than 60 scholarly works focusing on state and local public policy, including tax and expenditure policy and the impact of Wal-Mart on local economies.

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